/* Layout: one calm column with a sticky top bar; the home page opens with a small drawing of a local power network. */
:root{
  --bg:#F3F6F5; --surface:#FFFFFF; --ink:#16232E; --muted:#526170;
  --line:#D5DEDC; --grid:#0E6B73; --grid-ink:#FFFFFF; --spark:#B97F0A; --logo-bg:#FFFFFF; --alert:#C2412D;
  --font-display:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Display","Segoe UI Variable Display","Segoe UI",system-ui,Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  --font-body:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Text","Segoe UI Variable Text","Segoe UI",system-ui,Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  --ease-spring:cubic-bezier(.2,.9,.25,1.05);
  --ease-out:cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1);
  color-scheme:light only;
}

*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{background:var(--bg)}
body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);
  font:400 1.0625rem/1.6 var(--font-body);letter-spacing:-.003em;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
a{color:var(--grid);text-underline-offset:3px}
a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--spark);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
img{max-width:100%}
.wrap{max-width:1040px;margin:0 auto;padding-inline:16px}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:600;margin:0;text-wrap:balance}
h1{font-weight:700;line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:-.028em}
h2{font-size:1.85rem;line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.02em}
h3{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.01em}
p{margin:0;max-width:68ch}
.stack{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem}

/* top bar */
.bar{position:sticky;top:env(safe-area-inset-top,0px);z-index:5;background:var(--bg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
@supports ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){
  .bar{background:rgba(243,246,245,.72);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(20px);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(20px);border-bottom-color:rgba(22,35,46,.08)}
}
.bar .wrap{display:flex;gap:1.25rem;align-items:center;min-height:58px}
.bar .me{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:600;font-size:1.1rem;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;margin-right:auto;white-space:nowrap}
.bar nav{display:flex;gap:1.1rem}
.bar nav a{white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted);padding-block:.2rem;border-bottom:2px solid transparent}
.bar nav a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.bar nav a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--grid)}

main{padding-block:0 3rem}
section{padding-block:3rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1.25rem}

/* page heading on inner pages */
.pagehead{padding-block:3.5rem 2.5rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.9rem}
.pagehead h1{font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3.4rem)}
.pagehead p{font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--muted);max-width:56ch}

/* photos */
.pagehead.split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:2.5rem;align-items:center}
.pagehead.split .photo{align-self:center}
.ph-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.9rem;min-width:0}
.photo{margin:0;display:block;min-width:0;align-self:start}
.photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;object-fit:cover;border-radius:6px;background:var(--line)}
.photo figcaption{color:var(--muted);font-size:.88rem;margin-top:.55rem}
.photo.wide{margin-bottom:1rem}
.about-split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 280px;gap:2.5rem;align-items:start}
.about-photo img{aspect-ratio:4/5;object-fit:cover}

/* home hero */
.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:2.5rem;align-items:center;padding-block:4.5rem 3.5rem}
.hero > div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;min-width:0}
.portrait{width:140px;height:140px;aspect-ratio:1;flex:none;align-self:flex-start;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;display:block;
  border:3px solid var(--surface);box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--grid);margin-bottom:.5rem}
.hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.6rem,6vw,4.25rem)}
.hero .role{color:var(--muted);font-size:1.1rem}
.hero .lede{font-size:1.3rem;max-width:34ch}
.links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem;margin-top:.5rem}
.links a{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);padding:.5rem 1rem;border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:500;
  transition:transform .35s var(--ease-spring),opacity .2s var(--ease-out);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
.links a:hover{opacity:.85}
.links a:active{transform:scale(.96);transition-duration:.08s}
.links a.primary{background:var(--grid);border-color:var(--grid);color:var(--grid-ink);font-weight:500}

/* hero drawing: five EVs plug in at 6 pm */
.hub-figure{margin:0;justify-self:center;width:100%;max-width:440px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.9rem}
.evs{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;overflow:hidden}
.evs text{font-family:var(--font-body)}
.evs .g-label{font-size:13px;font-weight:500;fill:var(--muted)}
.evs .g-warn{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;fill:var(--alert);opacity:0;transition:opacity .3s ease}
.evs.over .g-warn{opacity:1;animation:warn 1s steps(2,jump-none) infinite}
@keyframes warn{50%{opacity:.35}}
.evs .g-track{fill:var(--line)}
.evs .g-fill{fill:var(--grid);transition:fill .4s ease}
.evs.over .g-fill{fill:var(--alert)}
.evs .g-limit{stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:2;stroke-dasharray:3 3}
.evs .g-limit-label{font-size:12px;fill:var(--ink)}

.evs .bay{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:2}
.evs .post rect{fill:var(--grid)}
.evs .post-bolt{fill:var(--grid-ink)}
.evs .cable{fill:none;stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:3;stroke-linecap:round;opacity:0;transition:opacity .4s ease,stroke .4s ease}
.evs .cable.on{opacity:1}
.evs .cable.live{stroke:var(--muted)}
.evs .flow{fill:var(--spark)}

.evs .car .body{fill:var(--surface);stroke:var(--grid);stroke-width:2.5}
.evs .car .glass{fill:var(--line)}
.evs .car-bolt{fill:var(--spark);transition:opacity .3s ease}

.evs .soc-track{fill:var(--line)}
.evs .soc-fill{fill:var(--spark)}
.evs .soc-fill.full{fill:var(--grid)}
.evs .pct{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;fill:var(--ink);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.evs .kw{font-size:12px;fill:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}

.day-steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.6rem}
.day-steps button{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.4rem;padding:.3rem 0;border:0;background:none;cursor:pointer;
  font:500 .88rem var(--font-body);color:var(--muted);text-align:left}
.day-steps button:hover,.day-steps button[aria-selected="true"]{color:var(--ink)}
.day-steps button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--spark);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
.st-bar{display:block;height:3px;border-radius:2px;background:var(--line);overflow:hidden}
.st-bar i{display:block;height:100%;width:0;background:var(--grid)}
#ev-cap{color:var(--muted);font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.5;min-height:4.6em}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .evs.over .g-warn{animation:none}
  .evs .cable,.evs .car-bolt,.evs .g-fill,.evs .g-warn{transition:none}
}

/* cover story badge */
.badge-cover{display:inline-block;vertical-align:.15em;margin-left:.35rem;padding:.05rem .5rem;border-radius:999px;
  background:var(--spark);color:var(--surface);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.01em;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}
a.badge-cover:hover{background:var(--ink)}
.pubs .badge-cover{margin:.35rem 0 .3rem}

/* journal cover */
.pubs li.has-cover{grid-template-columns:3.5rem minmax(0,1fr) 64px}
.pub-cover img,.feat-cover img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;
  box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(22,35,46,.12);transition:transform .2s ease}
.pub-cover:hover img,.feat-cover:hover img{transform:translateY(-2px)}
.featured{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:2rem;align-items:start}
.feat-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.75rem;min-width:0}
.feat-meta{color:var(--muted);font-size:.95rem}
.feat-title{font-weight:600;font-size:1.1rem}
@media (max-width:600px){.featured{grid-template-columns:110px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.1rem}.featured h2{font-size:1.5rem}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.pub-cover img,.feat-cover img{transition:none}}

/* cite buttons */
.cite{display:inline-block;margin-top:.45rem;padding:.2rem .65rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;background:var(--surface);
  color:var(--grid);font:500 .8rem var(--font-body);cursor:pointer}
.cite:hover{border-color:var(--grid)}
.cite:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--spark);outline-offset:2px}
.cite.done{background:var(--grid);border-color:var(--grid);color:var(--grid-ink)}
.bib{margin:.6rem 0 0;padding:.75rem .9rem;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;
  font:.78rem/1.5 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%}

/* work with me */
.work-intro{font-size:1.08rem;max-width:62ch}
.services{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.25rem 2rem}
.service{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.45rem;min-width:0;padding-top:1rem;border-top:3px solid var(--grid)}
.service p{font-size:.98rem}
.service .proof{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;margin-top:auto;padding-top:.25rem}
.service .proof span,.tools span{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.tools{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}
#work .links{margin-top:0}

/* page not found */
.notfound{padding-block:4.5rem 5rem}
.nf-code{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:4.5rem;line-height:1;color:var(--grid);font-weight:600}

/* home: main column + News sidebar (classic academic layout) */
.home-cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;gap:3rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.home-cols.news-left{grid-template-columns:300px minmax(0,1fr)}
.home-cols.news-left .home-news{order:-1}
.home-main{min-width:0}
.home-main .about-split{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:2rem}
.home-main > section:first-child{border-top:0}
.home-news{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top,0px) + 76px);margin-block:3rem;
  padding:1.25rem 1.25rem .5rem;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;
  display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem}
.home-news h2{font-size:1.45rem}
.home-news .news li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.2rem;padding-block:.75rem;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.5}
.home-news .news li:first-child{border-top:0}
.home-news .news li:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.home-news time{font-size:.8rem}
/* phones and small tablets: one column — About, then News, then everything else */
@media (max-width:820px){
  .home-cols,.home-cols.news-left{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0}
  .home-main{display:contents}
  .home-main > section{order:3}
  .home-main > section:first-child{order:1}
  .home-main .about-split{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.25rem}
  .home-news,.home-cols.news-left .home-news{order:2;position:static;margin-block:0 2rem}
  .services{grid-template-columns:1fr}
}

/* Apple-style press feedback on other controls */
.cite,.day-steps button,.pub-cover,.feat-cover,.orgs a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
.cite{transition:transform .35s var(--ease-spring)}
.cite:active{transform:scale(.95);transition-duration:.08s}
.orgs .logo{transition:transform .35s var(--ease-spring),border-color .2s ease}
.orgs a:hover .logo{transform:translateY(-2px)}
.orgs a:active .logo{transform:scale(.97);transition-duration:.08s}
.ev-replay{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;align-self:flex-start;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;
  background:var(--surface);color:var(--grid);font:500 .88rem var(--font-body);cursor:pointer;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;
  transition:opacity .3s var(--ease-out),transform .35s var(--ease-spring);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
.ev-replay.show{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}
.ev-replay:active{transform:scale(.95);transition-duration:.08s}
.ev-replay:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--spark);outline-offset:2px}

/* accessibility settings Apple asks you to honour */
@media (prefers-reduced-transparency:reduce){.bar{background:var(--bg)!important;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none!important;backdrop-filter:none!important}}
@media (prefers-contrast:more){:root{--muted:#33404C;--line:#8A9A99}.bar{border-bottom-color:var(--line)!important}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.links a,.cite,.orgs .logo,.ev-replay{transition:opacity .2s ease!important}.links a:active,.cite:active,.orgs a:active .logo,.orgs a:hover .logo{transform:none}}

/* news */
.news{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:80ch}
.news li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:6.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:1rem;padding-block:.75rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.news li:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.news time{color:var(--grid);font-weight:600;font-size:.93rem;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;padding-top:.05rem}
@media (max-width:480px){.news li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.15rem}}


/* research themes */
.themes{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1.5rem}
.theme{border-left:3px solid var(--grid);padding-left:1rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.4rem;min-width:0}
.theme p{color:var(--muted);font-size:.98rem}

.topic{display:grid;grid-template-columns:240px 1fr;gap:2rem}
.topic .side{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem}
.topic .side .tag{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem}
.topic .body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;min-width:0}
.topic .body h3{font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted)}
.why{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:1rem 1.1rem}

/* publications */
.count{color:var(--muted)}
.pubgroup{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.25rem}
.pubgroup h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:.25rem}
.pubs{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.pubs li{padding-block:.9rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);max-width:80ch;display:grid;grid-template-columns:3.5rem 1fr;gap:.75rem}
.pubs .y{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--grid);font-weight:600}
.pubs .t{font-weight:500;display:block}
.pubs .m{color:var(--muted);font-size:.93rem;display:block}
.pubs .plain-note{font-size:.93rem;display:block;margin-top:.25rem}

/* timeline */
.timeline{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.timeline li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:160px 1fr;gap:1.25rem;padding-block:1.1rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.timeline .when{color:var(--muted);font-size:.93rem;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.timeline li > div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.2rem;min-width:0}
.timeline .org{color:var(--muted);font-size:.95rem}
.timeline p{font-size:.98rem;margin-top:.2rem}

.two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:2.5rem}
.two > div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;min-width:0}
.plain{margin:0;padding-left:1.1rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem}

.email{font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:500}

/* organisations strip */
.orgs-intro{color:var(--muted)}
.orgs{list-style:none;margin:.5rem 0 0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem}
.orgs li{min-width:0}
.orgs a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.6rem;height:100%;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink)}
.orgs .logo{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:104px;padding:12px 16px;
  background:var(--logo-bg);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;transition:border-color .2s ease}
.orgs a:hover .logo{border-color:var(--grid)}
.orgs .logo img{display:block;width:auto;max-width:100%;object-fit:contain}
.orgs .lg-swinburne{height:54px}
.orgs .lg-csiro{height:62px}
.orgs .lg-siemens{height:22px}
.orgs .lg-amu{height:46px}
.orgs .org-name{font-size:.88rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.3}
.orgs .org-meta{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--grid);font-weight:500;margin-top:-.4rem}

footer{padding-block:2.5rem 3rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem}
footer .wrap{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem;justify-content:space-between}
.foot-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.1rem}

@media (max-width:820px){
  .hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-block:2rem 2.5rem}
  .hub-figure{max-width:340px}
  .portrait{width:112px;height:112px}
  .themes,.two{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .pagehead.split{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.5rem;padding-block:2.5rem 2rem}
  .about-split{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .about-photo{max-width:280px}
  .orgs{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
  .topic{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}
  .timeline li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.25rem}
  .bar .wrap{flex-wrap:wrap;padding-block:.6rem;gap:.4rem 1.25rem}
  .bar nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.15rem 1.1rem;max-width:100%}
}